European Renewable Distributed Generation Infrastructure Study-Lessons Learned from Electricity Markets in Germany and Spain - Consultant Report
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Publication Number: CEC-400-2011-011 Abstract: This report examines the European experience integrating large amounts of renewable distributed generation (DG); compares electric distribution systems in Germany, Spain, and California; and explores lessons for California. The electricity system may need upgrades in many parts of California as the amount of renewable DG increases, such as replacing substation relaying to accommodate back-‐‑feed, reconfiguring voltage control apparatus and controls on distribution feeders, and deploying appropriate smart-‐‑grid technologies on distribution and transmission grids. Energy storage devices may become essential to modulate effects of intermittent resources and provide acceptable levels of balancing area frequency control. Due to differences in distribution grid rules, distribution system design, interconnection facility planning processes and cost allocation mechanisms, there is likely to be less DG capacity (relative to statewide peak demand) that can be easily integrated into the California distribution grid than in Germany and Spain. However, the scope of this study did not specifically address whether achieving California’s 12,000 MW DG goal is achievable by 2020 or what level of grid costs are required. Commission Division: Energy Efficiency (400) Office/Program: Renewable Energy General PIER Program Area: Date Report Completed: December 2011 Date On Line: 12/27/2011 Acrobat PDF File Size: 163 pages, 8,700 kilobytes** |
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