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     Welcome to the California Distributed Energy Resources Guide
     DER Equipment

    Combined Heat & Power


    | Applications | Performance | Cost | Strengths & Weaknesses | Future Development | Vendors |

    The thermal energy recovered from distributed generators is typically in the form of steam or hot water. This thermal energy can in turn be used to meet thermal demands for the following applications:

    • Hot water production
    • Space heating
    • Hot air/steam for industrial process heat
    • Space cooling (requires an absorption chiller)
    • Dry air generation (with the use of a desiccant)

    The form and quantity of recovered thermal energy produced by a CHP system is dependent on both the DG technology and the heat recovery hardware. The table below illustrates the CHP applications applicable to the different DER technologies.

    DER Equipment in CHP Applications
      Hot Water Space Heating Low-Pressure Steam High-Pressure Steam Space Cooling (single-stage absorption chiller) Space Cooling (two-stage absorption chiller) Dry Air (desiccant)
    Reciprocating Engine X X X X X X X
    Stirling Engine X X     X   X
    Microturbine X X X   X   X
    Combustion Turbine X X X X X X X
    PAFC X X          
    PEMFC X X          
    MCFC/SOFC X X X X X X X

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    Page Updated: October 18, 2004