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Combined Heat & Power
| Applications
| Performance
| Cost
| Strengths & Weaknesses
| Future Development
| Vendors |
The total installed cost of a system includes the equipment cost (power generation unit, heat recovery equipment, and all integration hardware), integration cost (requiring engineering and design if the system is not packaged by the supplier), and installation cost (requiring additional engineering and design for the heating application).
While cost information for complete combined heat and power systems is still difficult to obtain, those systems currently available as a packaged products fall into the cost ranges in the following table. A packaged system does not require additional engineering and design for integration.
| Prime Mover Technology |
Cost ($/kW) |
| Mature Technologies |
| Reciprocating Engines |
Diesel |
700-1,000 |
| Dual Fuel |
800-1,200 |
| Natural Gas Spark Ignition |
800-1,200 |
| Combustion turbines (simple cycle) |
700-1,000 |
| Emerging Technologies |
| Micro/Miniturbines (recuperated) |
700-1,300 |
| Fuel Cells |
PAFC |
4,200 |
| PEM |
<10,000 |
| MCFC |
<10,000 |
| SOFC |
<20,000 |
Fuel cell technologies are in various stages of development, and prices reflect this development status. For perspective, the cost of MCFC and SOFC fuel cells in high volume production is estimated to be $800-$1,500/kW. PEM fuel cells, which are being targeted for automotive applications, are expected to reach lower levels if these devices are used in mainstream automotive lines. The cost for microturbines is expected to fall to $400-$800/kW as volumes increase.
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