This project was conducted to investigate improvements to Westport Fuel Systems’ natural gas fueled heavy-duty high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) engine product, the Westport HD 15L. The key objectives were to reduce cost, improve efficiency, and increase power while maintaining regulated tailpipe emissions below legislated standards and decreasing sensitivity to variations in fuel quality. The work was conducted by Westport’s technology office as part of a larger ongoing HPDI product improvement and cost reduction project at Westport.